Re: Issues with package declarations

From:
Lew <noone@invalid.com>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.java.programmer
Date:
Sun, 03 Aug 2008 20:44:14 -0400
Message-ID:
<E7WdnR-Cf7dCzQvVnZ2dnUVZ_gudnZ2d@comcast.com>
ankur wrote:

My NullTest.java contains:
package forpackagetest;
public class NullTest {

....

My thisisatest.java contains:
import forpackagetest.*;
public class thisisatest {

....

So u [sic] r [sic] saying that I should create forpackagetest folder
under C:\Java Files manually.


That's "you are", not "u r".

Arne Vajh??j wrote:

Yes.


ankur wrote:

Then what would be the use of :
C:\Java Files>javac -d . NullTest.java
command ?


To compile NullTest.java. But see my comments below.

This does not make sense to me because I thought that -d option can
create the package subdirectory for you and to instantiate a class
object you only needed the .class files (I am instantiating NullTest
object in thisisatest ).


Yes, but you need those .class files *in the class path*.

I started off with :

C:\Java Files> dir
 Volume in drive C has no label.
 Volume Serial Number is 2EB8-82AA

 Directory of C:\Java Files

08/03/2008 04:45 PM <DIR> .
08/03/2008 04:45 PM <DIR> ..
08/03/2008 11:40 AM 180 NullTest.java
08/03/2008 12:30 PM 144 thisisatest.java


Class names should start with an upper-case letter, and each word part
likewise: ThisIsATest.java

Then I did:
C:\Java Files>javac -d . NullTest.java

which led to :

 Directory of C:\Java Files

08/03/2008 04:48 PM <DIR> .
08/03/2008 04:48 PM <DIR> ..
08/03/2008 04:48 PM <DIR> forpackagetest
08/03/2008 11:40 AM 180 NullTest.java
08/03/2008 12:30 PM 144 thisisatest.java

And

 Directory of C:\Java Files\forpackagetest
08/03/2008 04:48 PM 200 abc.class
08/03/2008 04:48 PM 200 def.class
08/03/2008 04:48 PM 292 NullTest.class
Now this gives error:
C:\Java Files>javac thisisatest.java
thisisatest.java:7: cannot access NullTest
bad class file: .\NullTest.java
file does not contain class NullTest
Please remove or make sure it appears in the correct subdirectory of
the classpath.


The error message even told you so!

       NullTest var = new NullTest();
       ^
1 error


Once again, you have a classpath problem. Classes in a package must be in the
corresponding subdirectory. You put NullTest.class *not* in the subdirectory
'forpackagetest'.

Put NullTest.java in a subdirectory corresponding to the package name:

   forpackagetest/NullTest.java

Compile the relative path

   javac -d . forpackagetest/NullTest.java
or
   javac forpackagetest/NullTest.java

This will put NullTest.class in forpackagetest/.

Step 2 is to compile the other class. It needs NullTest.class (*not*
NullTest.java) in its classpath, because the other class needs that in its
classpath.

   javac ThisIsATest.java

Actually, ThisIsATest should go in a package also.

   javac forpackagetest/ThisIsATest.java
(with the appropriate 'package' directive in the source).

Either way, because NullTest.class is now in forpackagetest/, it will be found
in the classpath.

Read:
<http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/package/index.html>
<http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/javac/index.html>

--
Lew

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