Re: Generic type cast involving wildcard type

From:
Tom Anderson <twic@urchin.earth.li>
Newsgroups:
comp.lang.java.programmer
Date:
Fri, 31 Jul 2009 12:16:11 +0100
Message-ID:
<alpine.DEB.1.10.0907311207130.17718@urchin.earth.li>
On Thu, 30 Jul 2009, Daniel Thoma wrote:

What I know from literature is something like this:

List<?> list = new List<String>();

list.add(list.get(0)); // fails

foo(list); // works
void <T> foo(List<T> list) {
 list.add(list.get(0));
}

And in this case, I can follow, because the compiler would have to transport
the information, that he is dealing with one list (with a fixed but unknown
type) in both parts of the expression. And it is not so easy to guarantee,
that "list" doesn't change its value in between.


If it's a local variable, it's pretty easy, and the kind of thing
compilers do all the time. Less so if it's an instance variable, true.

In the casting scenario I can not realy follow that explanation. As I see
it, there aren't even two capture variables involved.


There aren't - there are three.

List<?> high = new ArrayList<String>();
   // ^ one
ArrayList<?> low = (ArrayList<?>)high;
        // ^ two ^ three

I think the compiler could work out that this is safe - it could look at
the relatioship between the type variable in ArrayList and the one in
List, see that they're defined to be the same (by "ArrayList<E> implements
List<E>"), and deduce that the variables on high and low are the same.

I don't know that this would be a good idea, though. If you have two
variables bound to the same type, why not make that explicit by
introducing a type variable?

List<Q> high = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<Q> low = (ArrayList<Q>)high;

The problem with this is that the only way to define a type variable is to
add it to the method signature. What would be useful is if we could
define them locally. Like:

type <Q>;
List<Q> high = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<Q> low = (ArrayList<Q>)high;

Or something. Or maybe scoped to blocks (weird syntax alert!):

<Q> {
  List<Q> high = new ArrayList<String>();
  ArrayList<Q> low = (ArrayList<Q>)high;
}

Typically, though, this is a non-issue, since the ?-typed thing you're
operating on is coming in as a method parameter or something anyway, and
you can set up a type variable there.

The example code you posted was obviously contrived. What was your real
code? Can we see how we might solve the real problem?

tom

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