Re: A problem about virtual function?
On 2007-10-16 16:09, Wayne Shu wrote:
Hi everyone,
Today I meet a problem about virtual function. Consider the
following little program.
#include <iostream>
class base
{
int i;
public:
virtual void print() { std::cout << "base" << std::endl; }
virtual ~base() {}
};
class derived : public base
{
public:
virtual void print() { std::cout << "derived" << std::endl; }
};
int main()
{
base b;
b::~base();
new (&b) derived;
(&b)->print(); // (1)
base *p = &b;
p->print();
return 0;
}
I have try the VC2005 Express Edition and GCC 3.4.2
and the result is :
base
derived
Why (1) statement print "base"?
First, I am not sure if it is legal to call the destructor of an
automatic object and then construct a new object of a type derived from
the first object's type in the same place, it seems very suspect to me.
My *guess* of what is happening is this. First you create an object of
type base with automatic storage (on the stack). An object can never
have polymorphic behaviour (only a pointer/reference to an object), an
object always have a known type (even though it might not be known when
the program is compiled). More importantly, all objects on the stack
have a type which is know at compile-time.
So when you do (&b)->print() the compiler knows that the type of b is
base, and thus the only possible outcome of that line is a call to
base::print(). It is an optimisation, the compiler will try to not make
a virtual call if it does not have to since they involve an extra
indirection.
On the other hand when you create a pointer to the object and then call
print() on that all the compiler knows is that you call print() on a
pointer to base, the actual type of the object that the pointer points
to is not know and a virtual call must be made.
--
Erik Wikstr??m